石油化工
是化(hua)(hua)(hua)學工(gong)業的(de)(de)(de)重要組成部(bu)(bu)分，在國(guo)民經濟的(de)(de)(de)發展中有重要作用，是我國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)支柱產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業部(bu)(bu)門之一。石(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)(you)化(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)指以(yi)石(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)(you)和(he)天然氣(qi)(qi)為(wei)原(yuan)(yuan)料(liao)(liao)，生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)石(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)(you)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)和(he)石(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)(you)化(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)加工(gong)工(gong)業。石(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)(you)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)又(you)稱油(you)(you)(you)品(pin)(pin)，主(zhu)要包(bao)括(kuo)各(ge)種燃料(liao)(liao)油(you)(you)(you)（汽(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)、煤油(you)(you)(you)、柴(chai)油(you)(you)(you)等(deng)）和(he)潤滑油(you)(you)(you)以(yi)及(ji)液化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)(you)氣(qi)(qi)、石(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)(you)焦碳、石(shi)(shi)蠟、瀝青等(deng)。生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)這些產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)加工(gong)過程常被(bei)稱為(wei)石(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)(you)煉制(zhi)，簡(jian)稱煉油(you)(you)(you)。石(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)(you)化(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)以(yi)煉油(you)(you)(you)過程提供的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)料(liao)(liao)油(you)(you)(you)進一步(bu)(bu)(bu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學加工(gong)獲得。生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)石(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)(you)化(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)第一步(bu)(bu)(bu)是對(dui)原(yuan)(yuan)料(liao)(liao)油(you)(you)(you)和(he)氣(qi)(qi)（如丙(bing)烷、汽(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)、柴(chai)油(you)(you)(you)等(deng)）進行裂解，生成以(yi)乙烯(xi)(xi)、丙(bing)烯(xi)(xi)、丁(ding)二(er)烯(xi)(xi)、苯(ben)、甲(jia)苯(ben)、二(er)甲(jia)苯(ben)為(wei)代表的(de)(de)(de)基本(ben)化(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)原(yuan)(yuan)料(liao)(liao)。第二(er)步(bu)(bu)(bu)是以(yi)基本(ben)化(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)原(yuan)(yuan)料(liao)(liao)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)多種有機化(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)原(yuan)(yuan)料(liao)(liao)（約200種）及(ji)合成材料(liao)(liao) （塑料(liao)(liao)、合成纖維(wei)、合成橡膠）。這兩步(bu)(bu)(bu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)屬(shu)于石(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)(you)化(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)范圍(wei)。有機化(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)原(yuan)(yuan)料(liao)(liao)繼(ji)續加工(gong)可制(zhi)得更多品(pin)(pin)種的(de)(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)，習(xi)慣上不屬(shu)于石(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)(you)化(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)范圍(wei)。在有些資料(liao)(liao)中，以(yi)天然氣(qi)(qi)、輕汽(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)、重油(you)(you)(you)為(wei)原(yuan)(yuan)料(liao)(liao)合成氨、尿素，甚至制(zhi)取硝(xiao)酸也列入石(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)(you)化(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)。
